Pregnancy dating
Dating by early ultrasound or LMP, with EDD, current gestational age, and estimated probable conception date.

How pregnancy dating works
Gestational age can be estimated by two methods: early ultrasound (crown–rump length — CRL) or LMP (last menstrual period). The two methods do not have the same precision, and the choice between them changes how reliable the estimated due date (EDD) is.
Margin of error by method
Early ultrasound (1st trimester)
- Ideal window: between 7 weeks and 13 weeks + 6 days, by crown–rump length (CRL).
- Expected error: ± 3–5 days — the smallest margin across the entire pregnancy.
In this early window embryonic growth is very uniform between fetuses, and genetic and environmental factors have not yet meaningfully affected size — which is why CRL is the most accurate standalone variable for dating, outperforming LMP alone, BPD, HC, AC, or FL. ISUOG and WHO guidelines recommend defining gestational age primarily by first-trimester ultrasound.
Practical rule: once gestational age is set by first-trimester CRL, it should not be revised by later scans, even if subsequent biometry does not match that date.
LMP (Last Menstrual Period)
LMP-based dating assumes ovulation occurred 14 days after the start of the menstrual cycle, with fertilization shortly thereafter — gestational age is counted from the first day of the last menstrual period.
LMP is reliable for dating only when all of the conditions below are met:
- the date is known and remembered with confidence, with no rough estimate;
- menstrual cycles are regular, usually between 24 and 32 days;
- there are no recent factors that alter ovulation (recent hormonal contraception use or discontinuation, breastfeeding, PCOS, significant stress, major weight change, thyroid dysfunction);
- the reported bleeding matches a usual menstrual period, not spotting or implantation bleeding.
Expected error: even under ideal conditions, LMP has an average error of ± 7 days.
In practice, early ultrasound is the preferred method whenever available; LMP is a useful initial clinical estimate, but not the gold standard for dating.